TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
AU  - Rupert Bourne
AU  - Jaimie D Steinmetz
AU  - Seth Flaxman
AU  - Paul Svitil Briant
AU  - Hugh R. Taylor
AU  - Serge Resnikoff
AU  - Robert J. Casson
AU  - Amir Abdoli
AU  - Eman Abu‐Gharbieh
AU  - Ashkan Afshin
AU  - Hamid Ahmadieh
AU  - Yonas Akalu
AU  - Alehegn Aderaw Alamneh
AU  - Wondu Alemayehu
AU  - Ahmed Samir Alfaar
AU  - Vahid Alipour
AU  - Etsay Woldu Anbesu
AU  - Sofia Androudi
AU  - Jalal Arabloo
AU  - Aries Arditi
AU  - Malke Asaad
AU  - Eleni Bagli
AU  - Atif Amin Baig
AU  - Till Bärnighausen
AU  - Maurízio Battaglia Parodi
AU  - Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
AU  - Nikha Bhardwaj
AU  - Pankaj Bhardwaj
AU  - Krittika Bhattacharyya
AU  - Ali Bijani
AU  - Mukharram M. Bikbov
AU  - Michele Bottone
AU  - Tasanee Braithwaite
AU  - Alain M. Bron
AU  - Zahid A Butt
AU  - Ching‐Yu Cheng
AU  - Dinh‐Toi Chu
AU  - Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
AU  - João Coelho
AU  - Baye Dagnew
AU  - Xiaochen Dai
AU  - Reza Dana
AU  - Lalit Dandona
AU  - Rakhi Dandona
AU  - Monte A. Del Monte
AU  - Jenny P Deva
AU  - Daniel Díaz
AU  - Shirin Djalalinia
AU  - Laura E. Dreer
AU  - Joshua R. Ehrlich
AU  - Leon B. Ellwein
AU  - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
AU  - Arthur Gustavo Fernandes
AU  - Florian Fischer
AU  - David S. Friedman
AU  - João M. Furtado
AU  - Abhay Gaidhane
AU  - Shilpa Gaidhane
AU  - Gus Gazzard
AU  - Berhe Gebremichael
AU  - Ronnie George
AU  - Ahmad Ghashghaee
AU  - Mahaveer Golechha
AU  - Samer Hamidi
AU  - Billy R. Hammond
AU  - M. Elizabeth Hartnett
AU  - Risky Kusuma Hartono
AU  - Simon I Hay
AU  - Golnaz Heidari
AU  - Hung Chak Ho
AU  - Chi Linh Hoang
AU  - Mowafa Househ
AU  - Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye
AU  - Irena Ilić
AU  - Milena Ilić
AU  - April Ingram
AU  - Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
AU  - Ravi Prakash Jha
AU  - Rim Kahloun
AU  - Himal Kandel
AU  - Ayele Semachew Kasa
AU  - John H. Kempen
AU  - Maryam Keramati
AU  - Moncef Khairallah
AU  - Ejaz Ahmad Khan
AU  - Rohit C Khanna
AU  - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
AU  - Judy E. Kim
AU  - Yun Jin Kim
AU  - Sezer Kısa
AU  - Adnan Kısa
AU  - Ai Koyanagi
AU  - Om Kurmi
AU  - Van Charles Lansingh
AU  - Janet L Leasher
AU  - Nicolas Leveziel
AU  - Hans Limburg
AU  - Marek Majdán
AU  - Navid Manafi
AU  - Kaweh Mansouri
PY  - 2020
JO  - The Lancet Global Health
DO  - 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30425-3
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30425-3
AB  - Background To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990–2020, and forecasts for 2050. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and <6/12), moderate and severe vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60), and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation); and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia (presenting near vision Findings In 2020, an estimated 43·3 million (95% UI 37·6–48·4) people were blind, of whom 23·9 million (55%; 20·8–26·8) were estimated to be female. We estimated 295 million (267–325) people to have moderate and severe vision impairment, of whom 163 million (55%; 147–179) were female; 258 million (233–285) to have mild vision impairment, of whom 142 million (55%; 128–157) were female; and 510 million (371–667) to have visual impairment from uncorrected presbyopia, of whom 280 million (55%; 205–365) were female. Globally, between 1990 and 2020, among adults aged 50 years or older, age-standardised prevalence of blindness decreased by 28·5% (–29·4 to −27·7) and prevalence of mild vision impairment decreased slightly (–0·3%, −0·8 to −0·2), whereas prevalence of moderate and severe vision impairment increased slightly (2·5%, 1·9 to 3·2; insufficient data were available to calculate this statistic for vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia). In this period, the number of people who were blind increased by 50·6% (47·8 to 53·4) and the number with moderate and severe vision impairment increased by 91·7% (87·6 to 95·8). By 2050, we predict 61·0 million (52·9 to 69·3) people will be blind, 474 million (428 to 518) will have moderate and severe vision impairment, 360 million (322 to 400) will have mild vision impairment, and 866 million (629 to 1150) will have uncorrected presbyopia. Interpretation Age-adjusted prevalence of blindness has reduced over the past three decades, yet due to population growth, progress is not keeping pace with needs. We face enormous challenges in avoiding vision impairment as the global population grows and ages. Funding Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Thea, Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg.
ER  -