TY  - JOUR
TI  - The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder
AU  - Stephen V. Faraone
AU  - Tobias Banaschewski
AU  - David Coghill
AU  - Yi Zheng
AU  - Joseph Biederman
AU  - Mark A. Bellgrove
AU  - Jeffrey H. Newcorn
AU  - Martin Gignac
AU  - Nouf Mohammed Al Saud
AU  - Iris Manor
AU  - Luís Augusto Rohde
AU  - Li Yang
AU  - Samuele Cortese
AU  - Doron Almagor
AU  - Mark A. Stein
AU  - Turki H. Albatti
AU  - Haya F. Al-Joudi
AU  - Mohammed M. J. Alqahtani
AU  - Philip Asherson
AU  - Lukoye Atwoli
AU  - Sven Bölte
AU  - Jan K. Buitelaar
AU  - Cleo L. Crunelle
AU  - David Daley
AU  - Søren Dalsgaard
AU  - Manfred Döpfner
AU  - Stacey D. Espinet
AU  - Michael Fitzgerald
AU  - Barbara Franke
AU  - Manfred Gerlach
AU  - Jan Haavik
AU  - Catharina A. Hartman
AU  - Cynthia M. Hartung
AU  - Stephen P. Hinshaw
AU  - Pieter J. Hoekstra
AU  - Chris Hollis
AU  - Scott H. Kollins
AU  - J. J. Sandra Kooij
AU  - Jonna Kuntsi
AU  - Henrik Larsson
AU  - Tingyu Li
AU  - Jing Liu
AU  - Eugene Merzon
AU  - Gregory W. Mattingly
AU  - Paulo Mattos
AU  - Suzanne McCarthy
AU  - Amori Yee Mikami
AU  - Brooke S. G. Molina
AU  - Joel T. Nigg
AU  - Diane Purper‐Ouakil
AU  - Olayinka Omigbodun
AU  - Guilherme V. Polanczyk
AU  - Yehuda Pollak
AU  - Alison Poulton
AU  - Ravi Philip Rajkumar
AU  - Andrew Reding
AU  - Andreas Reif
AU  - Katya Rubia
AU  - Julia J. Rucklidge
AU  - Marcel Romanos
AU  - Josep Antoni Ramos‐Quiroga
AU  - Arnt Schellekens
AU  - Anouk Scheres
AU  - Renata Schoeman
AU  - Julie B. Schweitzer
AU  - Henal Shah
AU  - Mary V. Solanto
AU  - Edmund Sonuga‐Barke
AU  - César A. Soutullo
AU  - Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
AU  - James M. Swanson
AU  - Anita Thapar
AU  - Gail Tripp
AU  - Geurt van de Glind
AU  - Wim van den Brink
AU  - Saskia Van der Oord
AU  - André Venter
AU  - Benedetto Vitiello
AU  - Susanne Walitza
AU  - Yufeng Wang
PY  - 2021
JO  - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
DO  - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
AB  - BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. METHODS: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. RESULTS: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. CONCLUSIONS: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
ER  -