TY  - JOUR
TI  - Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak
AU  - Stephen Gire
AU  - Augustine Goba
AU  - Kristian G. Andersen
AU  - Rachel Sealfon
AU  - Daniel J. Park
AU  - Lansana Kanneh
AU  - Simbirie Jalloh
AU  - Mambu Momoh
AU  - Mohamed Fullah
AU  - Gytis Dudas
AU  - Shirlee Wohl
AU  - Lina Moses
AU  - Nathan L. Yozwiak
AU  - S Winnicki
AU  - Christian B. Matranga
AU  - Christine M. Malboeuf
AU  - James Qu
AU  - Adrianne D. Gladden
AU  - S. F. Schaffner
AU  - Xiao Yang
AU  - Panpan Jiang
AU  - Mahan Nekoui
AU  - Andrés Colubri
AU  - Moinya Coomber
AU  - Mbalu Fonnie
AU  - Alex Moigboi
AU  - Michael Gbakie
AU  - Fatima Kamara
AU  - Veronica Tucker
AU  - Edwin Konuwa
AU  - Sidiki Saffa
AU  - Josephine Sellu
AU  - Abdul A. Jalloh
AU  - Alice Kovoma
AU  - James Koninga
AU  - Ibrahim Mustapha
AU  - Kandeh Kargbo
AU  - Momoh Foday
AU  - Mohamed Yillah
AU  - Franklyn Kanneh
AU  - Willie Robert
AU  - James L.B. Massally
AU  - Sinéad B. Chapman
AU  - James Bochicchio
AU  - Cheryl I. Murphy
AU  - Chad Nusbaum
AU  - Sarah Young
AU  - Susan J. Birren
AU  - Donald S. Grant
AU  - John S. Scheiffelin
AU  - Eric S. Lander
AU  - Christian Happi
AU  - Sahr M. Gevao
AU  - Andreas Gnirke
AU  - Andrew Rambaut
AU  - Robert F. Garry
AU  - Sheik Humarr Khan
AU  - Pardis C. Sabeti
PY  - 2014
JO  - Science
DO  - 10.1126/science.1259657
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259657
AB  - In its largest outbreak, Ebola virus disease is spreading through Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. We sequenced 99 Ebola virus genomes from 78 patients in Sierra Leone to ~2000× coverage. We observed a rapid accumulation of interhost and intrahost genetic variation, allowing us to characterize patterns of viral transmission over the initial weeks of the epidemic. This West African variant likely diverged from central African lineages around 2004, crossed from Guinea to Sierra Leone in May 2014, and has exhibited sustained human-to-human transmission subsequently, with no evidence of additional zoonotic sources. Because many of the mutations alter protein sequences and other biologically meaningful targets, they should be monitored for impact on diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies critical to outbreak response.
ER  -