Biology, immature stages and rearing of cocoa-capsids (Miridae: Heteroptera)

Some aspects of the biology of four West African capsid pests of Cocoa, Distantiella theobroma (Distant), Sahlbergella singularis Haglund, Bryocoropsis laticollis Schumacher and Helopeltis corbisieri Schmitz (Miridae: Heteroptera) are briefly summarized. Their immature stages are described and sketched in detail. Keys to distinguish all the larval stages are given and the techniques for rearing them reviewed. The systematics of Bryocorinae is discussed.