Previously described methods to quantify the proportion of root length colonized by vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi are reviewed. It is argued that these methods give observer-dependent measures of colonizat…
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is the causative agent of Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon; it is the most serious soil-borne pathogen around the globe. The yield loss is around 30–80% or even more, and is pre…